Design Goals of S2:
===================

S2, or "LiveJournal, Style System, version 2", was designed with the
following goals in mind:


Easy and flexible for beginners:

     End users that aren't programmers will be able to have an extreme
     amount of control over their journals without ever editing text
     in a large <textarea> box, like "S1".  Because the new style
     system layers reflect their properties, a series of wizards will
     let users customize the appearance at a very high level.

Powerful and familiar for experts:

     The new style system is actually a programming language, with
     syntax and semantics resembling Perl/C+/Java/etc.  The object
     oriented & inheritance-based design of S2 is actually what leads
     to the simplicity and flexibility for beginners.  They won't need
     to understand OO-design to benefit from the power that
     customizing the function to dump a journal entry effects all the
     different journal views.  In fact, they'll probably not even
     modify the function themselves--- they'll most likely redefine a
     property using a web GUI that the style they're using recognizes
     and respects accordingly.

Speed:

     S2 code is compiled into a lower level language and run directly
     when the page is loaded.  Currently this lower level language is
     Perl, but there is no reason the backend can't be any language.
     Further, style layers are cached in a LRU pool by the web-server
     to prevent unnecessary database access and re-compliation of the
     resultant Perl code into Perl bytecodes.  (the functions of a
     style layer are stored as CODE refs in memory, ready to be run as
     necessary... don't need to |eval| huge chunks of text each time)
     Also, no buffering in memory of the resultant page is necessary
     as in S1 ... each function in a layer can output directly to the
     client, since the system isn't based on repeated substitutions as
     in S1.

Security:

     Rather than letting users program directly in C or Perl, S2
     ensures that the resultant compiled code is both safe and fast.
     The language isn't Turing complete, but by limiting the
     functionality of the language we can ensure the program will
     halt.  Giving users an XML tree of data and letting them use XSLT
     was one consideration, but XSLT is ugly and though some people
     know it, it isn't as easy to pick up quickly as S2 is.  Of
     course, security wasn't the only design consideration, otherwise
     we could've used Perl's Safe.pm module and let users run
     restricted Perl with an alarm set to interrupt the code after a
     number of seconds.  S2 is a lot more encompassing.  Security is
     actually the easiest thing to guarantee once you built a whole
     system like this.